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没

HSK 1
  • Negation

Structure (结构 jiégòu)

Subject没(有)Verb(Object)

Meaning (意思 yìsi)

The adverb 没 is used to negate actions in the past or to negate possession (with 有).

Explanation (解释 jiěshì)

The adverb 没 (méi) has two main uses:

  1. Negating an action that has not yet occurred or did not occur in the past. This is the key difference from 不 (bù), which is used for the present, future, or habitual actions.
  2. It is the only way to negate the verb 有 (yǒu – to have). One always says 没有; 不有 is never used.

Important note: When using 没 to negate a past action, 了 must never be added after the verb.

Examples (例句 lìjù)(5)

  1. 我昨天没去上课。
    繁: 我昨天沒去上課。Wǒ zuótiān méi qù shàngkè.

    I didn't go to class yesterday.

  2. 他没有手机。
    繁: 他沒有手機。Tā méiyǒu shǒujī.

    He doesn't have a mobile phone.

  3. 我们没吃饭。
    繁: 我們沒吃飯。Wǒmen méi chīfàn.

    We haven't eaten yet.

  4. 她没告诉我这件事。
    繁: 她沒告訴我這件事。Tā méi gàosu wǒ zhè jiàn shì.

    She didn't tell me about this matter.

  5. 桌子上没有书。
    繁: 桌子上沒有書。Zhuōzi shàng méiyǒu shū.

    There are no books on the table.

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