方向补语
HSK 3- Complements
Structure (结构 jiégòu)
Meaning (意思 yìsi)
Compound directional complement (V + direction 1 + 来/去) used to describe the complex movement direction of an action.
Explanation (解释 jiěshì)
Compound directional complements combine a simple directional verb (such as 上, 下, 进, 出) with either 来 (toward the speaker) or 去 (away from the speaker) to describe the path of an action in greater detail.
Beyond their literal directional meanings, they also carry many figurative meanings. For example, 想起来 (to recall/remember) and 继续下去 (to continue doing something).
When the object is a place word, it must be inserted between the two components of the complement: 走进教室来.
Examples (例句 lìjù)(5)
- 他从楼上跑下来了。繁: 他從樓上跑下來了。Tā cóng lóushàng pǎo xiàlái le.
He ran downstairs from upstairs.
- 请把这本书带回去。繁: 請把這本書帶回去。Qǐng bǎ zhè běn shū dài huíqù.
Please take this book back with you.
- 老师走进教室来了。繁: 老師走進教室來了。Lǎoshī zǒu jìn jiàoshì lái le.
The teacher walked into the classroom.
- 我突然想起来了。繁: 我突然想起來了。Wǒ tūrán xiǎng qǐlái le.
I suddenly remembered.
- 天黑下来了。繁: 天黑下來了。Tiān hēi xiàlái le.
The sky has darkened.
Common mistakes
- Wrong:老师走进来了教室。Correct:老师走进教室来了。
When the object is a location (教室), it must be placed between the two parts of a double directional complement.
- Wrong:我在楼下，你下来去吧。Correct:我在楼下，你下来吧。
The speaker is downstairs; since the action is directed toward the speaker, use 来 only, not 去.