碳酸钙

• 石(stone; rock)RADICAL
• 炭(charcoal; coal)PHONO-SEMANTIC

Carbon is a solid substance like stone, essentially charcoal.

• 酉(wine vessel; ferment)RADICAL
• 夋(slow manner; leisurely pace)PHONETIC

Fermenting alcohol produces sourness, which is exactly the character for sour.

• 釒(metal)RADICAL
• 丐(beg; solicit alms)PHONETIC

The metal element for "thing" is calcium, the crucial skeletal element.