国防部长

• 囗(surround; enclose)RADICAL
• 玉(precious jade; gem)ASSOCIATIVE

A nation is enclosed land that contains precious treasures within.

• 阝(earthen mound; rampart)RADICAL
• 方(direction; side)PHONO-SEMANTIC

Build fortifications on all sides to defend against enemies.

• 咅(sound reading (radical/section))PHONETIC
• 阝(village; region)RADICAL

A section of land divided by distinct sounds becomes a region's administrative division.

• 长(long hair; old person (pictographic))ASSOCIATIVE

An old person with long hair cascading down symbolizes something lasting a long time.